Multitasking seems like the answer
to many of our problems – how to become more efficient, get more done and use
less resources. The average working day for most people involves being
bombarded with tasks – how can we possible get them all done? This post gives
some ideas about the dangers of trying to do too much as at the same time.
Quality vs Quantity
If you’ve got several different
projects open at one time, it’s likely that none are getting your full
attention. They’re not receiving the full benefit of your intelligence,
expertise, and experience. Many researchers are in fact convinced that we can
only fully concentrate on one thing at a time.
The logic goes something like: think
how much of your mental effort you need to complete a project. If you divide
that by three the result is not that each take three times as long, or that you
achieving three times the output but that the quality of your output is
actually two-thirds lower. Most projects do not allow for this margin of
error.
Time Pressure
The reason people are trying to do
more than one thing at once is because they feel don’t have the time to do them
individually. The issue is that, to get mentally ‘into’ a problem or task
actually takes time. You need to understand the problem and related factors.
Anyone who’s tried to complete an academic essay or critical report amongst
constant distractions will readily understand. To avoid having to complete this
necessary but ultimately unproductive read in time, you should attempt to
complete one task, or to a point where it can progress no further and then
start the next.
We need to be clear, that we don’t
mean you can’t have more than one task or project active at one time, rather
your mental effort is only focused on one at a time.
Not Multitasking
Another common misconception is that
the perils of multitasking mean you can’t achieve more than one task at the
time. You can eat breakfast and listen to the news, or talk to your kids while
ironing; these tasks require considerably less mental effort. The other
misconception is, mostly as a result of smartphones, is that, existing in a
constant state of distraction from texts, emails, messages and so on while
doing your normal job, is somehow multitasking. It is probably less productive
than would otherwise be the case but it is, for the same reasons described
above, dividing mental effort and causing us to repeat the mental effort
required to stay focused. A far better approach is to set time aside to read
emails and answer critical communications and not constantly flick attention
from one to the other.
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